EchoCG provides a significant amount of information. about structure and functions of the heart . Although still IMAGE zheniya allow clarify anatomical features , functional condition can evaluate only with by the power of dynamic research . Echocardiography based on sufficiently known physical laws and physio logical phenomena and so simple forunderstanding . However, the diagnostic value of echocardiography in the ways of hanging from the experience of the doctor , conducting research . EchoCG is an operator – dependent technique , and its quality in proportion to experience and professionalism Explore Vatel . Pathological changes can determine , only well knowing the options regulations . therefore it is very important to know the normal echocardiographic images and ranges of normal values of indicators .
SEQUENCE OF RESEARCH
With a view to a systematic approach to Echocardiography is recommended etsya following sequence of actions .
1. Start a study with parasternal position by long axis .
2. The M – mode, make a record on three levels :
. on aortic valve level ;
. on mitral valve level ;
. on level LV .
3. Turn the sensor at 90 ° by clockwise direction . From changing angle scan from bottom to top , get slices by short axis on four levels :
. on the level of the pulmonary artery ;
. on aortic valve level ;
. on mitral valve level ;
. on papillary muscle level .
4. Navigate to apical four- position . Carry out measurement volume LV at systole and diastole ( to evaluate its systolic function ).
5. Turn on mode Color Doppler EC following for search pathological flow through the valves or defects of partitions .
6. Set the control volume of the pulse Doppler study at LV cavity on level of the cusps of the mitral valve for assessment dia stolicheskoy function of the left ventricle .
7. Rejecting the plane scan anteriorly , obtain an apical five – chamber position . Setting control ny volume on the level of the aortic valve , measure the integral of blood flow velocity . Calculate stroke volume and cardiac output . If at color Doppler IC adherence was detected speed of pathological sky stream , use constantly – wave study .
8. Use pulsed Doppler The investigations dovanie for localization of abnormal blood flow , detected by color Doppler study .
9. The remaining positions ( subcostal , supraster – nal and right parasternal ) use when necessary .
10. To get a two-chamber apical by zitsiyu , turn the sensor to 45 ° anti -clockwise arrow .