Veins of the upper limb.

Superficial (subcutaneous) and deep veins of the arm The veins of the upper limb are divided into deep and superficial. The superficial, or subcutaneous, veins, anastomosing between themselves, form a wide-celled network, from which it is more isolated in places. large trunks. These trunks are as follows:

1. V. cephalica, lateral saphenous vein of the arm, begins in the radial region of the hand rear, on the radial side of the forearm reaches the elbow, anastomosing here with v. basilica, goes along sulcus bicipitalis lateralis, then pierces the fascia and flows into v. axillaris

2. V. basilica, medial saphenous vein of the arm, begins on the ulnar side of the back of the hand, and is sent to the medial part of the anterior surface of the forearm along m. flexor carpi ulnaris to the elbow, anastomizing here with v. cephalica through v. intermedia cubiti; then it lies in the sulcus bicipitalis medialis, pierced the fascia halfway through the shoulder and poured into the v. brachialis.

3. V. intermedia cubiti, intermediate vein of the elbow, is an obliquely located anastomosis connecting the elbow region to each other v. basilica and v. cephalica. It usually falls into v. intermedia antebrachii, which carries blood from the palmar side of the hand and forearm. V. intermedia cubiti is of great practical importance, as it serves as a place for intravenous infusions of medicinal substances, blood transfusion and taking it for laboratory research.

Deep veins accompany the arteries of the same name, usually two each. Thus, there are two vv. brachiales, ulnares, radiales, interosseae.

Both vv. brachiales at the bottom edge m. pectoralis major, fuse together and form the axillary vein, v. axillaris, which lies in the armpit medially and anterior to the artery of the same name, partly covering it. Passing under the clavicle, it continues further in the form of v. subclavia.

In v. axillaris, except for the above v. cephalica, flows into v. thoracoacromialis (corresponding to the artery of the same name), v. thoracica lateralis (into which v. thoracoepigastrica, the large trunk of the abdominal wall often falls), v. subscapularis, vv. circumflexae humeri.

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