Patterns of distribution of arteries

The arterial system reflects in its structure the general laws of the structure and development of the organism and its individual systems. By supplying blood to various organs, it corresponds to the structure, function, and development of these organs. Therefore, the distribution of arteries in the human body is subject to certain laws, which can be divided into the following groups.

Extraorganic arteries

1. Accordingly, the grouping “… the whole body around the nervous system” arteries are located along the nerve tube and nerves. So, parallel to the spinal cord is the main arterial trunk – the aorta and aa. spinales anterior et posterior. Each segment of the spinal cord corresponds to segmental rr. spinales of the corresponding arteries. In addition, arteries are initially laid in connection with the main nerves: for example, on the upper limb due to n. medianus, on the bottom – with n. ischiadicus. Therefore, in the future, they go along with the nerves, forming neurovascular bundles, which also include veins and lymphatic vessels. There is a relationship between nerves and vessels (“neurovascular connections”), which contributes to the implementation of a single neurohumoral regulation.
2. Accordingly, the division of the body into the organs of plant and animal life of the artery is divided into parietal – to the walls of the body cavities and visceral – to their contents, i.e., to the viscera. Example: parietal and visceral branches of the descending aorta.
3. Each limb receives one main trunk: for the upper limb – a. subclavia, for the bottom – a. ilica externa.
4. The arteries of the trunk maintain a segmental structure: aa. intercostales posteriores, lumbales, rr. spinales and others …
5. Most of the arteries are located on the principle of bilateral symmetry: the paired artery of the soma and the viscera. Departure from this principle is associated with the development of arteries within the primary mesenteries.
6. Arteries go along with other parts of the vascular system – with veins and lymphatic vessels, forming a common vascular complex. The structure of this complex should include thin and long additional arteries and veins parallel to the main and components of the so-called para-arterial and para-venous bed of the vessels.
7. Arteries go according to the skeleton, which forms the basis of the body. So, along the spinal column is the aorta, along the ribs – intercostal arteries. In the proximal parts of the extremities that have one bone (shoulder, hip), there is one main vessel (brachial, femoral artery); in the middle sections, with two bones (forearm, lower leg), there are two main arteries (radial and ulnar, major and minor shin); finally, in the distal regions, the hands and the foot, which have a ray structure, the arteries go according to each finger ray.